Class IX Science
Notes for Is matter Around Us Pure
Notes for Is matter Around Us Pure
Facts that Matter
• Compounds
Compound is a pure substance made up of two or more elements combined chemically in a definite ratio.
Characteristics:
1. The properties of compound differ from those of its constituents.
2. Compound has fixed melting point and boiling point.
3. Compound is a homogeneous substance.
4. Constituent elements can be separated by chemical process.
• Mixtures
It is made up of two or more elements or compounds mixed in any ratio/proportion.
Properties:
• It may be homogeneous of heterogeneous.
• The properties of constituent substances are retained.
• No new compound is formed.
• Elements can be separated by simple physical processes.
• It does not have fixed melting and boiling point.
Separation of Mixtures:
| Type of Mixture | Separation method |
| 1. Two immiscible liquids. Example, oil + water | By using separating funnel |
| 2. Ammonium chloride + sand | Sublimation |
| 3. Dyes in black ink. (One solvent different constituents) | Chromatography |
| 4. Two miscible liquids. (Acetone + water) | Distillation |
| 5. Solid particles insoluble from (solvent) liquid. (Milk + Cream) | Centrifugation |
Physical and Chemical Change
| Physical Change | Chemical Change |
| (i) No new substance is formed. | A new substance is formed. |
| (ii) Properties of constituent elements/substance is retained. | Properties of constituent elements/substance changes. |
| (iii) Change does not involve loss or gain of heat. | Loss or gain of heat may be involved in this reaction. |
| (iv) This change is generally reversible. | This change is generally irreversible. |
• Solution
It is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
| Solute | Solvent |
| A substance which is dissolved in a solvent. E.g., salt, sugar. | Liquid part of solution in which is dissolved. E.g., water. |
| Solute can be solid, liquid or gas. | Solvent can be liquid, solid or gas. |
| Suspension | Solvent |
| (i) Size of soluteparticles are visible with naked eyes | Size of solute particles are not visible with naked eyes. |
| (ii) Shows tyndall effect | Shows tyndall effect |
| (iii) Translucent | Translucent |
| (iv) Solute particles settle Down | Colloidal particles do not settle down |
• Different Types of Colloids
| Dispersed Phase | Dispersing Medium | Type | Example |
| Liquid | Gas | Aerosol | Fog, clouds, mist |
| Solid | Gas | Aerosol | Smoke, automobile exhaust |
| Gas | Liquid | Foam | Shaving cream |
| Liquid | Liquid | Emulsion | Milk, face cream |
| Solid | Liquid | Solution | Milk of magnesia, mud |
| Gas | Solid | Goam | Sponge, pumice |
| Liquid | Solid | Gel | Jelly, cheese, butter |
| Solid | Solid | Solid sol | Coloured gemstone, milky glass |
CLASS IX SCIENCE
NCERT SOLUTION FOR IS MATTER AROUND US PURE
NCERT SOLUTION FOR IS MATTER AROUND US PURE
NCERT TEXTBOOK PAGE 15
Q1. What is meant by a substance?
Ans. A pure substance consists of a single type of particles.
Q2. List the points of differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
Ans.
| Suspension | Solvent |
| (i) It has uniform compos ition. | It does not have a uniform compos ition. |
| (ii) No vis ible boundaries of s eparation. | Shows vis ible boundaries of separation. |
| (iii) They cons is t of only one phase. | They cons is t of more than one phase. |
| Example: sugar + water → sugar s olution. | Example: s ugar + s and |
NCERT TEXTBOOK PAGE 18
Q1. Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures with examples.
Ans. Same as Q2 above.
Q2. How are sol, solution and suspension different from each other?
Ans.
| Sol. (colloid) | Solution | Suspension |
| • Size of solute partic les between 1 nm to 100 nm. | Siz e of solute partic les less than 1 nm (10-9m) | Size of s olute partic les is more than 100 nm. |
| • It is stable. | Stable. | Unstable. |
| • It scatters a beam of light. | It does not sc atter light. | It s catters a beam of light. |
| • Solute partic les pass through filter paper. | Solute partic les passthrough filter paper. | Solute particles do not pass through filter paper. |
Q3. To make a saturated solution, 36 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 100 g of water at 293 K. Find its concentration at this temperature.
Ans. Mass of solute (sodium chloride) = 36 g
Mass of solvent (water) = 100 g
Mass of solution
= Mass of solute + Mass of solvent
= 36 g + 100 g = 136 g
NCERT TEXTBOOK PAGE 24
Q1. How will you separate a mixture containing kerosene and petrol (difference in their boiling points is more than 25°C), which are miscible with each other?
Ans. A mixture of kerosene and petrol which are miscible with each other can be separated by distillation.
Method
• Take a mixture in a distillation flask.
• Fit it with a thermometer.
• Arrange the apparatus as shown in the figure.
• Heat the mixture slowly.
• Petrol vaporises first as it has lower boiling point.
It condenses in the condenser and is collected from the condenser outlet.
• Kerosene is left behind in the distillation flask.
Q2. Name the technique to separate
(i) butter from curd,
(ii) salt from sea-water,
(iii) camphor from salt.
Ans. (i) Centrifugation,
(ii) Evaporation,
(iii) Sublimation.
Q3. What type of mixtures are separated by the technique of crystallisation?
Ans. Crystallisation technique is used to purify solid with some impurities in it.
Example: Salt from sea-water.
NCERT TEXTBOOK PAGE 24
Q1. Classify the following as chemical or physical changes:
• cutting of trees,
• melting of butter in a pan,
• rusting of almirah,
• boiling of water to form steam,
• passing of electric current, through water and the water breaking down into hydrogen and oxygen gas,
• dissolving common salt in water,
• making a fruit salad with raw fruits and
• burning of paper and wood.
Ans.
| Physical Change | Chemical Change |
| • cutting of trees • melting of butter in a pan • boiling of water to form steam • dissolving common salt in water • making a fruit salad with raw fruits | • rusting of almirah • passing of electric current through water and then breaking down into hydrogen and oxygen gas • burning of paper and wood |
Q2. Try segregating the things around you as pure substances or mixtures.
Ans. Pure substances — Water, bread, sugar and gold.
Mixtures — Steel, plastic, paper, talc, milk and air.
QUESTIONS FROM NCERT
TEXTBOOK
TEXTBOOK
Q1. Which separation techniques will you apply for the separation of the following?
(a) Sodium chloride from its solution in water.
(b) Ammonium chloride from a mixture containing sodium chloride and ammonium chloride.
(c) Small pieces of metal in the engine oil of a car.
(d) Different pigments from an extract of flower petals.
(e) Butter from curd.
(f) Oil from water.
(g) Tea leaves from tea.
(h) Iron pins from sand.
(i) Wheat grains from husk.
(j) Fine mud particles suspended in water.
Ans. (a) Evaporation (b) Sublimation
(c) Filtration (d) Chromatography
(e) Centrifugation (f) Separating funnel
(g) Filtration
(h) Magnetic separation
(i) Winnowing/sedimentation
(j) Decantation and filtration
Q2. Write the steps you would use for making tea. Use the words, solution, solvent, solute, dissolve, soluble, insoluble, filtrate and residue.
Ans. 1. Take a cup of water in a container as solvent and heat it.
2. Add sugar in it which is solute. Heat it till all sugar dissolves.
3. You get a solution of water and sugar.
4. Sugar is soluble in water completely.
5. Add half a tea-spoon of tea-leaves, it is insoluble in water.
6. Boil the content, add milk which is also soluble in water, boil again.
7. Filter the tea with the help of strainer, the tea collected, in cup is filtrate and the tea leaves collected on the strainer is residue.
Q3. Pragya tested the solubility of three different substances at different temperatures and collected the data as given below (results are given in the following table, as grams of substance dissolved in 100 grams of water to form a saturated solutions).
(a) What mass of potassium nitrate would be needed to produce a saturated solution of potassium nitrate in 50 grams of water at 313 K?
(b) Pragya makes a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water at 353 K and leaves the solution to cool at room temperature. What would she observe as the solution cools? Explain.
(c) Find the solubility of each salt at 293 K. Which salt has the highest solubility at this temperature?
(d) What is the effect of change of temperature on the solubility of a salt?
Ans. (a) Mass of KNO3 to produce a saturated solution of KNO3 in 100 grams of water at 313 K = 62 g
∴ Mass of KNO3 in 50 grams of water at 313 K
(b) Crystals of potassium chloride will be obtained on cooling the saturated solution.
(c) Solubility of each salt at 293 K is
(i) Potassium nitrate → 32 g
(ii) Sodium chloride → 36 g
(iii) Potassium chloride → 35 g
(iv) Ammonium chloride → 37 g
(d) On increasing the temperature, solubility of a salt increases.
Q4. Explain the following giving examples:
(a) Saturated solution
(b) Pure substance
(c) Colloid
(d) Suspension
Ans. (a) Saturated solution: In a given solvent when no more solute can dissolve further at a given temperature is called saturated solution.
(b) Pure substance: A pure substance consists of a single type of particles.
E.g., gold, silver.
(c) Colloid: A colloid is a solution in which the size of solute particles are bigger than that of true solution. These particles cannot be seen with our naked eyes, they are stable.
E.g., ink, blood.
(d) Suspension: It is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles are big enough to settle down.
E.g., chalk-water, paints, etc.
Q5. Classify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture: soda water, wood, air, soil, vinegar, filtered tea.
Ans. Homogeneous: Soda water, vinegar, filtered tea.
Heterogeneous: Wood, air, soil.
Q6. How would you confirm that a colourless liquid given to you is pure water?
Ans. By finding the boiling point of a given colourless liquid. If the liquid boils at 100oC at atmospheric pressure, then it is pure water. This is because pure substances have fixed melting and boiling point.
Q7. Which of the following materials fall in the category of a “pure substance”?
(a) Ice
(b) Milk
(c) Iron
(d) Hydrochloric acid
(e) Calcium oxide
(f) Mercury
(g) Brick
(h) Wood
(i) Air.
Ans. Pure substances are: Ice, iron, hydrochloric acid, calcium oxide and mercury.
Q8. Identify the solutions among the following mixtures.
(a) Soil
(b) Sea water
(c) Air
(d) Coal
(e) Soda water.
Ans. Solution are: Sea water soda water and air.
Q9. Which of the following will show “Tyndall effect”?
(a) Salt solution
(b) Milk
(c) Copper sulphate solution
(d) Starch solution.
Ans.Milk and starch solution.
Q10. Classify the following into elements, compounds and mixtures.
(a) Sodium
(b) Soil
(c) Sugar solution
(d) Silver
(e) Calcium carbonate
(f) Tin
(g) Silicon
(h) Coal
(i) Air
(j) Soap
(k) Methane
(l) Carbon dioxide
(m) Blood
Ans.
| Elements | Compounds | Mixtures |
| Sodium | Calcium carbonate | Sugar solution |
| Silver | Methane | Soil |
| Tin | Carbon dioxide | Coal |
| Silicon | Soap | Air |
| Blood |
Q11. Which of the following are chemical changes?
(a) Growth of a plant
(b) Rusting of iron
(c) Mixing of iron filings and sand
(d) Cooking of food
(e) Digestion of food
(f) Freezing of water
(g) Burning of a candle.
Ans. Chemical changes are:
(a) Growth of a plant
(b) Rusting of iron
(c) Cooking of food
(d) Digestion of food
(e) Burning of a candle
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
IS MATTER AROUND US PURE
IS MATTER AROUND US PURE
Science Quiz
1. Air shows the property of
(a) N2
(b) O2
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.
2. The components of water can be separated by
(a) Physical methods
(b) Chemical methods
(c) Both
(d) They can�t be separated
3. Mixture can be
(a) homogeneous
(b) heterogeneous
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) pure substance
4. Brass is a
(a) Compound
(b) Element
(c) Homogeneous mixture
(d) Heterogeneous mixture
5. In sugar solution,
(a) Sugar is solute, water is solvent
(b) Sugar is solvent, water is solute
(c) Both are solutes
(d) Both are solvents.
6. Brass is a solution of molten copper in
(a) solid zinc
(b) molten zinc
(c) gaseous zinc
(d) molten tin
7. 24 carat of diamond is equal to
(a) 200 mg
(b) 200 g
(c) 95% mg
(d) 91% gold
8. 1 carat of diamond is equal to
(a) 200 mg
(b) 200 g
(c) 100 mg
(d) 100 g
9. Diamond is lustrous because
(a) it is colourless
(b) it is hard
(c) it is pure
(d) its refractive index is high
10. If we burn graphite,
(a) residue will be left
(b) no residue will be left
(c) it will not burn
(d) it will change into diamond.
11. Nanometer is an
(a) Instrument used for measuring micro-distance
(b) Instrument used for measuring macro-distance
(c) Unit for measuring micro-distance
(d) Unit for measuring macro-distance.
12. Barometer measures
(a) Pressure
(b) Atmospheric pressure
(c) Wind velocity
(d) Gaseous pressure.
13. Thermometer is an instrument that measures
(a) Temperature of substance
(b) Heat of substance
(c) Radiation of substance
(d) Flow energy in a substance.
14. Anemometer measures
(a) Amount of haemoglobin in blood
(b) Pollination of plant by the wind
(c) Wind resistance
(d) Wind speed.
| 1. (c) | 2. (b) | 3. (c) | 4. (c) | 5. (a) |
| 6. (b) | 7. (a) | 8. (a) | 9. (d) | 10. (b) |
| 11. (c) | 12. (b) | 13. (a) | 14. (d) |
Sample Paper Questions
1. Which process can purify the impure sample of potash alum?
2. Name the solutions which show the Tyndall effects
3. What is centrifugation? Explain briefly.
4. Name some homogenous as well as heterogeneous mixtures.
5. What are the differences between a physical change and a chemical change?
6. What is the procedure to obtain different gases from air?
7. How is fog different from smoke?
8. Is water a compound? Prove your answer.
9. Calculate the concentration of 45 g salt present in 500 g of solution.
10. A girl is given naphthalene balls powder and common salt. Help her by explaining how to separate the mixture.
IS MATTER AROUND US PURE
HOTS
HOTS
1. What is tincture of iodine?
2. Any idea about ‘concentration of a solution’?
3. State the principle for separation of immiscible liquids?
4. Why a mixture is an impure substance?
5. Define aerosol.
6. What is meant by solubility of a solute?
7. How to differentiate between sol, solution and suspension?
8. What is meant by chromatography?
9. Define emulsion with example.
10. How to separate ammonium chloride+ sodium chloride. Explain briefly.
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